C
CPPPS 中国综合评价指数
China Panoramic Public Performance Score
中国榜 · 科研 China · Research

科研机构评价Research Institution Evaluation

六维加权求和模型 · 全国主要科研机构 50 家 · 排名更新日期：2026-10-20Six-dimensional weighted sum model · 50 major national research institutions · Last updated: 2026-10-20

综述Overview

Research institutions are the backbone of the national science and technology innovation system and the cradle of basic research, strategic high-tech breakthroughs, and the development of major national instruments. Evaluating research institutions is essentially measuring a country's scientific and technological strength and capacity for independent innovation. Compared with university rankings, the evaluation of research institutions has long lacked systematic, public lists; institutions such as the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Academy of Engineering Physics, military-industrial research institutes, and military research institutes are often hard to compare horizontally because of inconsistent data definitions.
科研机构是国家科技创新体系的中坚，是基础研究、战略高技术攻关与国之重器研制的策源地。对科研机构进行评价，本质上是对一个国家科技实力与自主创新能力的度量。与大学排名相比，科研机构的评价长期缺乏系统性、公开性的榜单，中国科学院各研究所、社会科学院、工程物理研究院、军工院所与军队科研院所等机构，往往因数据口径不一而难以横向比较。
Based on the principle of "complete coverage and tiered evaluation," this index incorporates the main institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the China Academy of Engineering Physics, national-level research institutions, military-industrial research institutes, and military research institutes—50 major national research institutions in total—and constructs a six-dimensional indicator system of "number of papers—highly cited papers—Nature/Science publications—number of academicians (academic division members)—research funding—number of patents," constraining the evaluation process by the four iron rules of public weights, public algorithm, public data sources, and reproducibility.
本指数以"完整覆盖、分层评价"为原则，将中国科学院主要研究所、中国社会科学院、中国工程物理研究院、国家级科研机构、军工科研院所与军队科研院所一并纳入，共 50 家全国主要科研机构，构建"论文数量—高被引论文—Nature/Science 发文—院士（学部委员）数量—科研经费—专利数量"六维指标体系，采用权重公开、算法公开、数据源公开、可复现的四条铁律约束评价过程。
Evaluation results: the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the China Academy of Engineering Physics, and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences rank in the top five. Overall, comprehensive and basic-science institutions with complete disciplinary structures, concentrated academicians and top papers, and synergistic funding and patents rank ahead; military-industrial institutes strong in engineering development and the commercialization of results also occupy important positions by virtue of large funding and patent reserves. The data for this ranking are mainly publicly known approximations, marked "subject to official data," permanently free and public, and for research and reference only.
评价结果：中国医学科学院、中国科学院物理研究所、中国科学院化学研究所、中国工程物理研究院、中国社会科学院 位列前五。整体看，学科建制完整、院士与顶尖论文集中、经费与专利协同发力的综合型与基础科学类机构居前；以工程研制与成果转化见长的军工院所亦凭借大额经费与专利储备占据重要位次。本排名数据以公开知识近似值为主，标注"以官方为准"，永久免费公开，仅供研究与参考。

分层梯队Tiers

A++ 前五 A+ 六至二十 A 其余Rest ■ 中科院 ■ 社科 ■ 军工 ■ 军队 ■ 国家级

50 家科研机构排名Ranking of 50 Research Institutions

排名机构综合得分论文高被引N/S院士经费(亿)专利梯队
1中国医学科学院Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences国家级85.2825007001020401500A++
2中国科学院物理研究所Institute of Physics, CAS中科院63.4915004601214351800A++
3中国科学院化学研究所Institute of Chemistry, CAS中科院55.9113004101012302200A++
4中国工程物理研究院China Academy of Engineering Physics国家级52.61900250518602000A++
5中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences社科51.3625002500201820A++
6中国科学院大连化学物理研究所Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS中科院47.56120038068322800A+
7中国科学院生物物理研究所Institute of Biophysics, CAS中科院46.0682031015928900A+
8中国农业科学院Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences国家级44.771500350310252000A+
9中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, CAS中科院39.01100027047303000A+
10中国科学院金属研究所Institute of Metal Research, CAS中科院37.1692033067251500A+
11中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS中科院34.23100030056251300A+
12中国科学院自动化研究所Institute of Automation, CAS中科院33.98110036025261600A+
13中国科学院上海药物研究所Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS中科院33.0872029085251200A+
14中国空间技术研究院China Academy of Space Technology军工32.3150012028453500A+
15中国科学院计算技术研究所Institute of Computing Technology, CAS中科院32.1490030016282200A+
16中国运载火箭技术研究院China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology军工31.2400100110503000A+
17中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS中科院30.87100028031243000A+
18军事科学院军事医学研究院Academy of Military Medical Sciences军队29.569002806615500A+
19中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS中科院27.5980024054201400A+
20中国科学院半导体研究所Institute of Semiconductors, CAS中科院27.0970022036201800A+
21中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS中科院25.247002606516200A
22中国科学院国家天文台National Astronomical Observatories, CAS中科院25.2500220861880A
23中国人民解放军军事科学院Academy of Military Sciences of the PLA军队24.2560015011030600A
24中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, CAS中科院22.91620260381050A
25中国中医科学院China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences国家级21.518002001810400A
26中国科学院微电子研究所Institute of Microelectronics, CAS中科院21.3165018012222500A
27中国科学院上海技术物理研究所Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, CAS中科院18.686001802418900A
28中国科学院大气物理研究所Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS中科院18.45500200541460A
29中国电子科技集团电子科学研究院Academy of Electronic Science, China Electronics Technology Group军工18.2845011014252000A
30中国核动力研究设计院Nuclear Power Institute of China军工16.414001001625900A
31中国科学院海洋研究所Institute of Oceanology, CAS中科院14.245001602412300A
32中国林业科学研究院Chinese Academy of Forestry国家级13.41600120158400A
33中国水利水电科学研究院China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research国家级13.155501301410600A
34中国兵器科学研究院Ordnance Science and Research Academy of China军工12.653007005221200A
35中国航空发动机研究院Aero Engine Academy of China军工11.18300800330800A
36中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS中科院11.1450140129900A
37中国环境科学研究院Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences国家级11.07500150228300A
38中国船舶科学研究中心China Ship Scientific Research Center军工10.94350900420700A
39中国地震局地球物理研究所Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration国家级9.41400120237100A
40中国气象科学研究院Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences国家级8.8440011023680A
41中国科学院昆明植物研究所Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS中科院8.81400120138200A
42中国空气动力研究与发展中心China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center军工7.85300800318400A
43中国计量科学研究院National Institute of Metrology, China国家级7.3930080138500A
44军事科学院系统工程研究院Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences军队6.95350800312300A
45海军装备研究院Naval Equipment Research Institute军队5.59300600215400A
46空军装备研究院PLA Air Force Equipment Research Institute军队5.08280550215350A
47火箭军装备研究院PLA Rocket Force Equipment Research Institute军队4.31250500214300A
48军事科学院国防工程研究院Institute of Defense Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences军队2.62200400210250A
49中国标准化研究院China National Institute of Standardization国家级1.5225060015150A
50中国国防科技信息中心China Defense Science and Technology Information Center军队1.282504501850A
表中"论文"为近五年 SCI/SSCI 核心论文数（篇）、"高被引"为 ESI 高被引论文累计数（篇）、"N/S"为近十年 Nature/Science 主刊发文数（篇）、"院士"为现有两院院士数（人，社科类为学部委员）、"经费"为年科研经费（亿元）、"专利"为累计授权发明专利数（件）。以上均为公开知识近似值，以官方为准。
In the table, "papers" is the number of SCI/SSCI core papers in the last five years (articles), "highly cited" is the cumulative number of ESI highly cited papers (articles), "N/S" is the number of papers published in Nature/Science main journals in the last ten years (articles), "academicians" is the current number of academicians of the two academies (persons; for social sciences, members of the academic divisions), "funding" is annual research funding (RMB 100 million), and "patents" is the cumulative number of granted invention patents (items). All of the above are public approximate values, subject to official figures.

算法详细论述Methodology

一、科研机构评价的意义与理论依据

Scientific and technological innovation capability is the fundamental yardstick for measuring a country's core competitiveness. In Science and Civilisation in China, Joseph Needham raised the "Needham Question"—why modern science did not originate in China; in his later years, Qian Xuesen raised the "Qian Xuesen Question"—why our schools have always failed to produce outstanding talents. Of these two questions, the former points to history and the latter to reality, and research institutions are precisely the subjects that receive and answer both. Evaluating research institutions is not about manufacturing contests of ranking, but about providing an honest mirror for the country's allocation of scientific and technological resources, strategic layout, and independent innovation.
科技创新能力是衡量一个国家核心竞争力的根本标尺。李约瑟在《中国科学技术史》中提出"李约瑟之问"——为什么近代科学没有在中国产生；钱学森在晚年提出"钱学森之问"——为什么我们的学校总是培养不出杰出人才。这两问，前者指向历史，后者指向现实，而科研机构正是承接与回答这两问的主体。评价科研机构，不在于制造名次之争，而在于为国家的科技资源配置、战略布局与自主创新提供一面诚实的镜子。
The evaluation logic of this algorithm rests on a systematic characterization of the six elements of research output—"volume, quality, frontier, talent, funding, and transfer"—and its theoretical basis can be traced to modern scientometrics and the economics of innovation:
本算法的评价逻辑，建立在对科研产出"量、质、尖、才、资、转"六要素的系统刻画之上，其理论依据可追溯至现代科学计量学与创新经济学：
  1. 论文数量（量）：反映机构的知识生产规模与科研活跃度，其计量传统源于加菲尔德（Eugene Garfield）创立的科学引文索引（SCI/SSCI），是衡量科研产出的基础口径。
  2. 高被引论文（质）：依据科睿唯安（Clarivate）ESI 高被引论文标准（同领域被引频次前 1%），剔除"数量泡沫"，衡量科研成果的学术影响力与引领性。
  3. Nature/Science 发文（尖）：世界顶级综合期刊的发表是基础研究原创性与突破性的公认标志，参照自然指数（Nature Index）的计数口径。
  4. 院士（学部委员）数量（才）：两院院士是科技人才的最高学术称号，集中体现机构的顶尖人才储备与学术权威，依据《中国科学院院士章程》《中国工程院院士章程》。
  5. 科研经费（资）：研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入是科技活动的物质基础，参照国家统计局 R&D 投入统计口径。
  6. 专利数量（转）：发明专利是科研成果向现实生产力转化的关键载体，参照世界知识产权组织（WIPO）与《中华人民共和国专利法》的授权口径。

二、模型的数学结构

This model uses a weighted summation (linear weighting) method, standardizing the six indicators to the 0-1 interval and then aggregating them by weight into a comprehensive score on a 0-100 scale:
本模型采用加权求和（线性加权）方法，将六项指标标准化至 0–1 区间后按权重加总，映射为 0–100 的综合得分：
σ(x) = (x − xmin) / (xmax − xmin)
Where sigma(·) is the min-max standardization function, which unifies the original dimensions of each indicator to the 0-1 interval (the maximum scores 1 and the minimum scores 0), eliminating dimensional differences before entering the weighted summation.
其中 σ(·) 为 min-max 标准化函数，将各指标的原始量纲统一到 0–1 区间（最大者得 1，最小者得 0），消除量纲差异后进入加权求和。
综合得分 = 100 × [ 0.22·论文′ + 0.22·高被引′ + 0.16·N/S′ + 0.20·院士′ + 0.10·经费′ + 0.10·专利′ ]
The weight design reflects the orientation of "emphasizing quality, talent, and top-level achievement": number of papers and highly cited papers together account for 44% (balancing the scale and quality of research output), the number of academicians accounts for 20% (top talent is the scarcest strategic resource), Nature/Science publications account for 16% (original breakthroughs), and research funding and patents account for 10% each (investment security and commercialization). The six weights sum to 1, ensuring the normalization and comparability of scores.
权重设计体现"重质量、重人才、重顶尖"的导向：论文数量与高被引论文合计占 44%（科研产出的规模与质量并重），院士数量占 20%（顶尖人才是最稀缺的战略资源），Nature/Science 发文占 16%（原创突破），科研经费与专利各占 10%（投入保障与成果转化）。六项权重之和为 1，保证得分的归一性与可比性。

三、指标与权重依据

指标方向权重维度依据
论文数量正向0.22量加菲尔德 SCI/SSCI 引文索引；科研产出规模
高被引论文正向0.22质科睿唯安 ESI 高被引（前 1%）；学术影响力
Nature/Science 发文正向0.16尖自然指数（Nature Index）；原创突破
院士（学部委员）数量正向0.20才两院院士章程；顶尖人才储备
科研经费正向0.10资国家统计局 R&D 投入统计
专利数量正向0.10转WIPO 专利统计；《专利法》授权口径

四、完整覆盖与口径说明

Unlike common rankings that focus mainly on universities, this list fully incorporates the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Academy of Engineering Physics, national-level research institutions, military-industrial research institutes, and military research institutes, avoiding the omission of "seeing only universities but not institutes." In view of differences in disciplinary attributes, the following definitional treatments are applied: social-science institutions do not produce natural-science Nature/Science papers or invention patents, and their "academicians" are counted in the sense of academic division members, so they score lower in these dimensions but maintain full contribution in the paper (including scholarly works) and talent dimensions, still reflecting their true position in the national research landscape overall; for military and military-industrial institutes, which involve secrecy, some indicators use publicly available approximations explicitly marked "subject to official data."
与以大学为主要对象的通行排名不同，本榜单将中国科学院各研究所、社会科学院、工程物理研究院、国家级科研机构、军工院所与军队科研院所完整纳入，避免"只见大学、不见院所"的遗漏。针对学科属性差异，作如下口径处理：社会科学类机构不产出自然科学的 Nature/Science 论文与发明专利，其"院士"以学部委员口径计入，因此在该维度得分偏低，但在论文（含学术著作）与人才维度保持充分贡献，整体仍能反映其在全国科研版图中的真实地位；军工与军队院所因涉密，部分指标采用公开可得的近似值，并明确标注"以官方为准"。

五、数据来源与局限性

The six data items used in this ranking—papers, highly cited papers, Nature/Science publications, academicians, funding, and patents—are all approximations based on public knowledge (science and technology statistical bulletins over the years, public academic lists, institutional public information, etc.), not item-by-item official audit data, uniformly marked "subject to official data" to indicate the boundary of their traceability and correctability. The model is a linear weighted summation and does not incorporate hard-to-quantify strategic contributions, classified achievements, or national-security value; min-max standardization is sensitive to extreme values, and a single-indicator peak for an individual institution can affect the overall distribution of that dimension. This ranking is for research reference only and does not constitute any basis for resource allocation or decision-making.
本排名所采用的论文、高被引、Nature/Science 发文、院士、经费、专利六项数据，均为基于公开知识（历年科技统计公报、公开学术榜单、机构公开信息等）的近似值，非逐项官方审计数据，统一标注"以官方为准"以明示其可追溯与可修正的边界。模型为线性加权求和，未纳入难以量化的战略贡献、涉密成果与国家安全价值；min-max 标准化对极端值敏感，个别机构的单指标峰值会影响该维度的整体分布。本排名仅供研究参考，不构成任何资源配置或决策依据。

六、参考文献

  1. Garfield, E.（1955）："Citation Indexes for Science"，《Science》——科学引文索引（SCI）的理论奠基。
  2. 科睿唯安（Clarivate）：ESI 高被引论文（Highly Cited Papers，同领域被引前 1%）统计口径。
  3. Nature Index（自然指数）：Nature/Science 及子刊发文计数方法。
  4. 中国科学院、中国工程院：《院士章程》——院士（学部委员）制度。
  5. 国家统计局：研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入统计公报。
  6. 世界知识产权组织（WIPO）：《全球创新指数》与专利统计；《中华人民共和国专利法》。
  7. 李约瑟：《中国科学技术史》——"李约瑟之问"。
  8. 钱学森：《论系统工程》——"钱学森之问"。
  9. 路风：《走向自主创新：寻求中国力量的源泉》。
  10. 《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》。

说明Notes

本版采用六维加权求和模型（线性加权）：综合得分=100×[0.22·论文′+0.22·高被引′+0.16·N/S′+0.20·院士′+0.10·经费′+0.10·专利′]，六项指标经 min-max 标准化至 0–1 区间后加总，映射为 0–100 分。权重体现"重质量、重人才、重顶尖"导向（论文 0.22、高被引 0.22、院士 0.20 权重较高）。评价对象覆盖中国科学院各研究所、中国社会科学院、中国工程物理研究院、国家级科研机构、军工院所与军队科研院所共 50 家，完整覆盖、分层评价。数据为公开知识近似值，以官方为准；涉密机构的涉密成果不纳入统计。数据源公开、算法公开、可复现，保留申诉与复算通道。
This edition adopts a six-dimension weighted-sum model (linear weighting): composite score = 100 × (0.25·GDP + 0.25·fiscal revenue + 0.15·GDP per capita + 0.15·industrial value added + 0.10·industrial structure + 0.10·permanent population), with each indicator min-max normalized before weighting. GDP and fiscal revenue have the highest weights, reflecting the "aggregate + fiscal strength" dual core. Data are based on public data from the National Bureau of Statistics and county/city statistical bulletins, supplemented by common knowledge from the CCID Top-100 Counties and Zhongjun county economic lists, using 2023 approximate values, marked "subject to official figures", with basis differences and approximate errors. Coverage includes 100 counties and county-level cities nationwide. The ranking is permanently free and public, rankings are never sold, and it is for research and reference only.