CPPPS 中国综合评价指数 · 总则Charter

第一章 总纲Chapter 1 · General Principles

1. 方法公开：权重、算法、数据源全部公开，任何第三方可复算验证。
   Open Methods: Weights, algorithms, and data sources are all public, so any third party can recompute and verify.
2. 数据可查：所有结论基于可查证的数据，标注来源、截止日期与置信区间。
   Traceable Data: All conclusions are based on verifiable data, with sources, cutoff dates, and confidence intervals annotated.
3. 程序公正：评价对象完整覆盖，保留申诉与复算通道。
   Fair Procedures: Evaluation subjects are fully covered, and appeal and recomputation channels are maintained.

第二章 目的与意义Chapter 2 · Purpose & Significance

目的Purpose

1. 建立一套自主、系统、可复现的综合评价方法，为各类主体的横向比较与纵向监测提供量化工具。
   Establish an independent, systematic, and reproducible comprehensive evaluation method that provides a quantitative tool for horizontal comparison and longitudinal monitoring of various subjects.
2. 补足现有评价体系在方法论上的不足——主观权重过高、本土贡献维度缺失、数据源不透明等。
   Address the methodological deficiencies of existing evaluation systems — excessive subjective weights, missing dimensions of local contribution, and opaque data sources.
3. 通过公开的方法与数据，提升评价结果的可信度与可检验性。
   Enhance the credibility and testability of evaluation results through open methods and data.

意义Significance

1. 为决策、治理与公众选择提供可信、可查证的参考依据。
   Provide a credible and verifiable reference basis for decision-making, governance, and public choice.
2. 以"贡献度"等维度，引导评价对象关注实际产出与本土价值，而非单一的国际指标。
   Guide evaluation subjects, through dimensions such as "contribution", to focus on actual output and local value rather than a single international indicator.
3. 为学术研究、行业比较、国际对标提供一套方法论样本。
   Provide a methodological exemplar for academic research, industry comparison, and international benchmarking.

第三章 方法论总则Chapter 3 · General Methodology

3.1 通用评价公式General Evaluation Formula

3.2 四层指标框架Four-Tier Indicator Framework

3.3 指标标准化方法Indicator Standardization

• 极差标准化（min-max）：σ(x) = (x − x_min)/(x_max − x_min) × 100。
  Range standardization (min-max): σ(x) = (x − x_min)/(x_max − x_min) × 100.
• 百分位标准化：按样本分布取百分位，用于偏态分布指标。
  Percentile standardization: take the percentile according to the sample distribution, used for skewed indicators.
• 反向指标：对"越低越好"的指标，标准化后取 100 − σ(x)。
  Reverse indicators: for indicators where lower is better, take 100 − σ(x) after standardization.
• 标准化方法随指标公开，并在数据源清单中注明。
  The standardization method is disclosed with each indicator and noted in the data-source list.

3.4 权重确定方法Weight Determination

3.5 置信区间与数据时效Confidence Intervals & Data Timeliness

• 每项结果标注数据截止日期与算法版本号。
  Each result is marked with the data cutoff date and the algorithm version number.
• 对受抽样影响的指标，给出置信区间或波动范围。
  For indicators affected by sampling, a confidence interval or fluctuation range is provided.
• 用于趋势比较时，注明口径一致性。
  When used for trend comparison, the consistency of caliber is noted.

第四章 已有评价算法对标与借鉴Chapter 4 · Benchmarking Existing Indices

第五章 对现有评价体系的学术评价Chapter 5 · Academic Review of Existing Systems

1. QS / THE：声誉类主观权重合计高达 40%–50%，结果对英语国家与非英语国家存在结构性差异，且缺少"人才培养对本国贡献"维度。
   QS / THE: subjective reputation weights total as high as 40%–50%, producing structural differences between English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries, and lacking the dimension of “talent cultivation’s contribution to the home country”.
2. 软科（ARWU）：纯客观指标值得借鉴，但获奖导向偏向历史存量，对新兴学科与发展中国家高校不利；中国大学排名的权重与数据源公开程度不足，可复现性受限。
   ARWU: its purely objective indicators are worth learning from, but the award orientation favors historical stock, disadvantaging emerging disciplines and developing-country universities; the weights and data-source disclosure of its China university rankings are insufficient, limiting reproducibility.
3. 武书连 / 校友会：指标偏向本土，但权重与算法公开度不足，第三方难以复算。
   Wu Shulian / Alumni Association: indicators lean toward the domestic, but the weights and algorithm disclosure are insufficient, making third-party recalculation difficult.
4. 三大主权评级机构：评级方法存在顺周期性与对新兴经济体的系统性低估。
   The three major sovereign rating agencies: their methods exhibit pro-cyclicality and systematic underestimation of emerging economies.
5. HDI：仅覆盖健康、教育、收入三维，未纳入分配公平、环境可持续与主观福祉。
   HDI: covers only health, education, and income, without incorporating distributional equity, environmental sustainability, or subjective well-being.
6. 世界幸福报告：主观幸福感依赖抽样调查，跨文化可比性存疑。
   World Happiness Report: subjective well-being relies on sample surveys, and cross-cultural comparability is questionable.

第六章 各指数项评价公式Chapter 6 · Index Formulas

6.1 中国榜China Rankings

高校评价指数University Evaluation Index

省市幸福指数Provincial & Municipal Happiness Index

上市公司质量指数Listed Company Quality Index

行业协会促进指数Industry Association Promotion Index

影响力人物指数Influential Figures Index

政务效能指数Government Efficiency Index

城市文脉指数City Heritage Index

6.2 全球榜Global Rankings

国家综合发展指数National Comprehensive Development Index（借鉴 HDI 几何平均 + 扩展维度）

国家幸福指数National Happiness Index

国家主权信用评价National Sovereign Credit Rating（对标穆迪/标普 + 扩展）

第七章 数据与算法规范Chapter 7 · Data & Algorithm Standards

1. 数据源分三级管理：官方数据（统计公报、财报、年报）、公开数据（公开数据库、机构报告）、自采数据（网络舆情、文献）。三级均在数据源清单中标注。
   Data sources are managed in three tiers: official data (statistical bulletins, financial reports, annual reports), public data (public databases, institutional reports), and self-collected data (online sentiment, literature). All three tiers are marked in the data-source list.
2. 每项指数同步公开：权重表、算法脚本、原始数据（脱敏后）、标准化方法。
   Each index is published together with: the weight table, the algorithm script, the raw data (after de-identification), and the standardization method.
3. 算法版本化：每次更新变更版本号，历史版本可回溯。
   Algorithm versioning: each update changes the version number, and historical versions are traceable.
4. 舆情层采用情感分析、事件抽取、叙事识别等方法，方法细节公开。
   The Sentiment tier adopts sentiment analysis, event extraction, and narrative identification, with method details disclosed.

第八章 评价组织与治理Chapter 8 · Organization & Governance

8.1 创始人Founder

8.2 评价委员会Evaluation Committee

1. 每个指数项（或指数大类）设立一个评价委员会，由该领域具有专业资质的专家组成。
   An Evaluation Committee is established for each index item (or index category), composed of experts with professional qualifications in the field.
2. 委员会职责：确定该指数的指标集与权重；审核数据源与数据质量；审定排名结果；受理申诉。
   Committee duties: determine the indicator set and weights of the index; review data sources and data quality; approve ranking results; and accept appeals.
3. 委员会名单公开，接受社会监督。
   The committee membership is public and subject to social oversight.

8.3 评价主席Evaluation Chair

1. 每个评价委员会设主席一名，由委员会推举或创始人聘任。
   Each Evaluation Committee has one Chair, elected by the committee or appointed by the Founder.
2. 主席职责：召集并主持委员会；对该指数的方法论与评价结果承担学术责任；签署发布。
   Chair duties: convene and preside over the committee; bear academic responsibility for the index’s methodology and evaluation results; and sign off on publication.
3. 实行主席签署制，每期指数结果由评价主席署名发布。
   A chair-signature system is implemented: each edition of index results is published under the signature of the Evaluation Chair.

8.4 工作流程Workflow

8.5 公信力保障Credibility Assurance

1. 委员会成员与主席名单公开。
   The list of committee members and the Chair is public.
2. 利益冲突回避：委员与评价对象存在利害关系时应当回避。
   Conflict-of-interest recusal: members shall recuse themselves when they have an interest relationship with an evaluation subject.
3. 委员实行任期制与轮换。
   Members serve fixed terms and rotate.
4. 委员会决议以公开说明或会议纪要留档。
   Committee decisions are archived as public statements or meeting minutes.

第九章 发布与更新规范Chapter 9 · Publication & Update

1. 排名结果永久免费公开，不向评价对象收取任何上榜费用。
   Ranking results are permanently free and public, and no listing fee is charged to any evaluation subject.
2. 每期发布同步发布《方法论白皮书》与《数据源清单》。
   Each release is accompanied by a Methodology White Paper and a Data-Source List.
3. 保留申诉与复算通道，评价对象可在公示期内提交数据复议，经核实后修正并公告。
   An appeal and recalculation channel is retained: evaluation subjects may submit data re-examination within the public-comment period, and corrections are announced after verification.
4. 结果标注数据截止日、算法版本、置信区间。
   Results are marked with the data cutoff date, algorithm version, and confidence interval.

第十章 公信力与合规Chapter 10 · Credibility & Compliance

9.1 数据与个人信息Data & Personal Information

1. 《中华人民共和国数据安全法》第二十一条：国家建立数据分类分级保护制度。CPPPS 对所涉数据实行分类分级管理。
   Data Security Law of the PRC, Article 21: The state establishes a classified and graded data protection system. CPPPS implements classified and graded management of the data involved.
2. 《中华人民共和国数据安全法》第三十二条：任何组织、个人收集数据，应当采取合法、正当的方式。CPPPS 数据采集限于公开渠道。
   Data Security Law of the PRC, Article 32: Any organization or individual collecting data shall adopt lawful and proper means. CPPPS data collection is limited to public channels.
3. 《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》第十三条：处理个人信息应当取得同意或符合法定情形。CPPPS 不采集、不公开可识别个人信息；确需处理的，依法取得同意并脱敏。
   Personal Information Protection Law of the PRC, Article 13: Processing personal information shall obtain consent or meet statutory circumstances. CPPPS does not collect or disclose identifiable personal information; where processing is necessary, consent is obtained and data are de-identified in accordance with law.
4. 《中华人民共和国网络安全法》第十二条：任何个人和组织不得利用网络从事危害网络安全、扰乱社会秩序的活动。
   Cybersecurity Law of the PRC, Article 12: No individual or organization may use the network to engage in activities that endanger cybersecurity or disrupt social order.

9.2 统计与数据真实Statistics & Data Authenticity

1. 《中华人民共和国统计法》第二十五条：统计调查对象必须如实提供统计资料，不得虚报、瞒报、拒报、迟报。CPPPS 引用官方统计须注明来源，不作篡改。
   Statistics Law of the PRC, Article 25: Respondents to statistical surveys must truthfully provide statistical data and must not fabricate, conceal, refuse, or delay reporting. CPPPS cites official statistics with sources noted and without alteration.
2. 《中华人民共和国统计法》第二十九条：统计机构、统计人员对统计资料保密。CPPPS 对涉及保密范围的统计资料依法保密。
   Statistics Law of the PRC, Article 29: Statistical agencies and personnel keep statistical data confidential. CPPPS keeps statistical data within the confidentiality scope confidential in accordance with law.

9.3 名誉与商誉Reputation & Goodwill

1. 《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千零二十四条：民事主体享有名誉权。任何组织或者个人不得以侮辱、诽谤等方式侵害他人的名誉权。
   Civil Code of the PRC, Article 1024: Civil subjects enjoy the right to reputation. No organization or individual may infringe upon another’s right to reputation by insult, defamation, or other means.
2. 《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千零二十五条：为公共利益实施新闻报道、舆论监督等行为，影响他人名誉的，不承担民事责任，但有捏造、歪曲事实等情形的除外。
   Civil Code of the PRC, Article 1025: Conducting news reporting, public-opinion supervision, or other acts for the public interest that affect another’s reputation does not bear civil liability, except where facts are fabricated or distorted.
3. 《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千零二十六条：认定行为人是否尽到合理核实义务，应当考虑内容来源的可信度、对明显可能引发争议的内容是否进行了必要调查等因素。
   Civil Code of the PRC, Article 1026: In determining whether a person has fulfilled the duty of reasonable verification, factors such as the credibility of the content source and whether necessary investigation was conducted into clearly controversial content shall be considered.
4. 《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》第十一条：经营者不得编造、传播虚假信息或者误导性信息，损害竞争对手的商业信誉、商品声誉。
   Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the PRC, Article 11: Business operators must not fabricate or disseminate false or misleading information that harms competitors’ commercial reputation or product reputation.

9.4 知识产权Intellectual Property

1. 《中华人民共和国著作权法》：引用的文献、数据版权归原作者，引用依法注明来源；CPPPS 自身的方法论白皮书、算法脚本依法享有著作权，允许转载但须署名。
   Copyright Law of the PRC: the copyright of cited literature and data belongs to the original authors, and sources are noted in accordance with law; CPPPS’s own methodology white papers and algorithm scripts enjoy copyright in accordance with law and may be reproduced with attribution.

9.5 网络信息内容Internet Information Content

1. 《网络信息内容生态治理规定》：CPPPS 发布内容应当遵守法律法规，不得含有违法信息，不得发布虚假信息。
   Provisions on the Ecological Governance of Internet Information Content: CPPPS-published content shall comply with laws and regulations, must not contain illegal information, and must not publish false information.